{"id":187,"date":"2018-07-19T22:38:36","date_gmt":"2018-07-19T20:38:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/?p=187"},"modified":"2018-07-19T22:38:36","modified_gmt":"2018-07-19T20:38:36","slug":"citadelle-de-bitche-ballade-aerienne-oct-2017","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/?p=187","title":{"rendered":"Citadelle de Bitche &#8211; Ballade a\u00e9rienne [oct. 2017]"},"content":{"rendered":"<table class=\"tr-caption-container\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-blogger-escaped-style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-PCArv_yyjVw\/WfiSLlqoEJI\/AAAAAAAABzo\/pFBko4IOSsEK_ibWdeg-nu8iQqzzuGL5wCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-9.jpg\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-PCArv_yyjVw\/WfiSLlqoEJI\/AAAAAAAABzo\/pFBko4IOSsEK_ibWdeg-nu8iQqzzuGL5wCK4BGAYYCw\/s640\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-9.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif; font-size: medium;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Front sud et l&rsquo;ouvrage \u00e0 cornes de la grosse t\u00eate<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Si l&rsquo;imposant rocher qui domine la ville de Biche a \u00e9t\u00e9 fortifi\u00e9 tr\u00e8s anciennement, on y cherchera presque en vain quelques traces de Vauban. En effet, s&rsquo;il est bien intervenu sur le site, ses fortifications seront ras\u00e9es lors du d\u00e9part contraint des troupes fran\u00e7aises r\u00e9pondant aux conditions du trait\u00e9 de Ryswick (1697). Ce n&rsquo;est qu&rsquo;une quarantaine d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es plus tard, sous le r\u00e8gne de Louis XV, que la France reprendra pacifiquement possession du duch\u00e9 de Lorraine.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Le comte de Bombelles, gouverneur militaire de Bitche, entreprend alors de reconstruire la Citadelle. Il est assist\u00e9 par l&rsquo;ing\u00e9nieur Cormontaigne (nomm\u00e9, en 1744, directeur des fortifications de Metz), qui modernise le trac\u00e9 initial de Vauban. Les travaux, initi\u00e9 en 1741, dur\u00e8rent jusqu&rsquo;en 1754.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"separator\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"clear: both; text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-WeQ-q1DkKO4\/WfiSW6j7NcI\/AAAAAAAABzw\/TK_o3Q70m98fiqa8j0fGHQs2qlRM-znQwCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/Plan-Bitche-1749-bajm.jpg\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-WeQ-q1DkKO4\/WfiSW6j7NcI\/AAAAAAAABzw\/TK_o3Q70m98fiqa8j0fGHQs2qlRM-znQwCK4BGAYYCw\/s640\/Plan-Bitche-1749-bajm.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"258\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif; font-size: small;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;\">\u2014\u2014\u2014 \u00a0ndr : un clic sur l&rsquo;un quelconque des clich\u00e9s\u2026 Les d\u00e9couvrir dans leur meilleure r\u00e9solution \u2014\u2014\u2014<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Entre 1846 et 1852, la ville est entour\u00e9e par une d&rsquo;enceinte urbaine dont la d\u00e9fense est compl\u00e9t\u00e9e au nord par le fort St S\u00e9bastien. Entre la citadelle et le fort, un vaste espace est pr\u00e9vu pour accueillir des troupes et transformer Bitche en camp retranch\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-2gg0fx6Uio4\/WfiSugNTrhI\/AAAAAAAABz8\/AreHWfy03qgHPOXTEKsiJUZyvoceU6eywCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-2.jpg\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-2gg0fx6Uio4\/WfiSugNTrhI\/AAAAAAAABz8\/AreHWfy03qgHPOXTEKsiJUZyvoceU6eywCK4BGAYYCw\/s320\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-2.jpg\" width=\"320\" height=\"213\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Lors de la guerre de 1870, les troupes allemandes assi\u00e8gent Bitche. Si la garnison r\u00e9siste pendant pr\u00e8s de six mois, les bombardements ont fortement endommag\u00e9 la citadelle. D\u00e9sormais aux mains des Allemands, ces derniers proc\u00e8dent \u00e0 de nombreuses adaptations pour accueillir une garnison : l&rsquo;enceinte urbaine est presque enti\u00e8rement d\u00e9truite et la structure de la citadelle profond\u00e9ment remani\u00e9e (modification des profils sans toutefois alt\u00e9rer ceux des dehors, transformation de nombreuses casemates, noria \u00e0 munitions, armement, casernements, etc.).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Alors qu&rsquo;en 1918, la ville redevient fran\u00e7aise, l&rsquo;importance militaire de la citadelle est des plus r\u00e9duite. Pourtant, sa situation r\u00e9alise un excellent poste d&rsquo;observation ainsi qu&rsquo;en t\u00e9moignent les observatoires am\u00e9nag\u00e9s sur l&rsquo;ouvrage \u00e0 cornes de la grosse t\u00eate.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<table class=\"tr-caption-container\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-blogger-escaped-style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-7iLSxknKcPQ\/WfiTDuR1--I\/AAAAAAAAB0E\/1uamY9aH2RwlC7lwSynqzL4V1gIObA96ACK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-8.jpg\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-7iLSxknKcPQ\/WfiTDuR1--I\/AAAAAAAAB0E\/1uamY9aH2RwlC7lwSynqzL4V1gIObA96ACK4BGAYYCw\/s640\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-8.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif; font-size: medium;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Ouvrage \u00e0 cornes de la grosse t\u00eate et ses trois observatoires \u00ab\u00a0Maginot\u00a0\u00bb<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-lOpo5axzQzw\/WfiTLBnTkqI\/AAAAAAAAB0c\/TMh-f5Pjzhg28L_vOc8Kge2DXsuM2E4ywCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-5.jpg\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-lOpo5axzQzw\/WfiTLBnTkqI\/AAAAAAAAB0c\/TMh-f5Pjzhg28L_vOc8Kge2DXsuM2E4ywCK4BGAYYCw\/s400\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-5.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-B7-bIVex_T8\/WfiTLMumESI\/AAAAAAAAB0Y\/i0CQLC6dNC85UaN1H8zM8yq7PM8D-4RKwCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-4.jpg\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-B7-bIVex_T8\/WfiTLMumESI\/AAAAAAAAB0Y\/i0CQLC6dNC85UaN1H8zM8yq7PM8D-4RKwCK4BGAYYCw\/s400\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-4.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"266\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-9L19JWmtUvE\/WfiTLN1-bkI\/AAAAAAAAB0U\/0xyLmpnGQrsne9WtC3RZgudfhQQoxGa_wCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-9L19JWmtUvE\/WfiTLN1-bkI\/AAAAAAAAB0U\/0xyLmpnGQrsne9WtC3RZgudfhQQoxGa_wCK4BGAYYCw\/s400\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-3.jpg\" width=\"400\" height=\"265\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Enfin, pendant l&rsquo;hiver 1944 marqu\u00e9 par d&rsquo;\u00e2pres combats dans le secteur, la population se r\u00e9fugie dans les souterrains de la citadelle.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<table class=\"tr-caption-container\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-blogger-escaped-style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-J4oW_K4eeYI\/WfiT5Ug4ZTI\/AAAAAAAAB0o\/nz8D5jjAoPAlf9CGRv2vV7f7ZIBqkq8ZwCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-6.jpg\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-J4oW_K4eeYI\/WfiT5Ug4ZTI\/AAAAAAAAB0o\/nz8D5jjAoPAlf9CGRv2vV7f7ZIBqkq8ZwCK4BGAYYCw\/s640\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-6.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"tr-caption\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif; font-size: medium;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif; font-size: small;\">Front de le demi-lune de la Petite t\u00eate ceinte de son couronn\u00e9<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Aujourd&rsquo;hui, on se doit de signaler la qualit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;accueil et l&rsquo;importance des travaux dont b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie le site, m\u00eame s&rsquo;il reste encore fort \u00e0 faire\u2026 Il suffit, pour s&rsquo;en convaincre, de s&rsquo;y rendre !<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ffa500; font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"color: orange; font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Vid\u00e9o (dur\u00e9e 2 min. 30)<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Quant \u00e0 la\u00a0qualit\u00e9\u00a0du site, qu&rsquo;on en en juge ne serait-ce qu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;aune de cette rapide ballade a\u00e9rienne (dur\u00e9e 2 min. 30)\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/240582342\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" data-blogger-escaped-allowfullscreen=\"\" data-blogger-escaped-mozallowfullscreen=\"\" data-blogger-escaped-webkitallowfullscreen=\"\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Quelques autres clich\u00e9s de cette citadelle remarquable\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-B722DCCHEqU\/WfiVMMr5K9I\/AAAAAAAAB08\/lsPVjxM2oGMrjbGqGaL2H2XMaOR68c9SwCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-10.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/4.bp.blogspot.com\/-B722DCCHEqU\/WfiVMMr5K9I\/AAAAAAAAB08\/lsPVjxM2oGMrjbGqGaL2H2XMaOR68c9SwCK4BGAYYCw\/s640\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-10.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-kPnFLEMGhoM\/WfiVMDWv0VI\/AAAAAAAAB00\/hWoUoZ5kqG4tRtoPtFRSuwiW2KRdFROAgCK4BGAYYCw\/s1600\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-7.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/2.bp.blogspot.com\/-kPnFLEMGhoM\/WfiVMDWv0VI\/AAAAAAAAB00\/hWoUoZ5kqG4tRtoPtFRSuwiW2KRdFROAgCK4BGAYYCw\/s640\/citadelle-bitche-bajm-2016-7.jpg\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<h4><span style=\"color: #ffa500; font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"color: orange; font-family: &quot;arial&quot; , &quot;helvetica&quot; , sans-serif;\">Pour en savoir plus : Orientations bibliographiques\u2026<\/span><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\">\n<ol>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">BALLIET J.M. &#8211; Die Festung Bitche. In : Fachtagung deutsche Westbefestigung, 2013, vol. 2013, p. 129-149.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">BALLIET J.M. &#8211; Die Festung Bitche 1673-1870. In : Festungsjournal &#8211; DGF, 2016, vol. 49, p. 19-28.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;\" data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\">HOHNADEL A. &#8211; La citadelle de Bitche. Metz, Ville de Bitche &#8211; S. Domini \u00e9d., 2007.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<div data-blogger-escaped-style=\"font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Front sud et l&rsquo;ouvrage \u00e0 cornes de la grosse t\u00eate Si l&rsquo;imposant rocher qui domine la ville de Biche a \u00e9t\u00e9 fortifi\u00e9 tr\u00e8s anciennement, on y cherchera presque en vain quelques traces de Vauban. En effet, s&rsquo;il est bien intervenu sur le site, ses fortifications seront ras\u00e9es lors du d\u00e9part contraint des troupes fran\u00e7aises r\u00e9pondant &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/?p=187\" class=\"more-link\">Continuer la lecture de <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Citadelle de Bitche &#8211; Ballade a\u00e9rienne [oct. 2017]<\/span> <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,18,45],"tags":[106,75,97,19,6,61,107,47],"class_list":["post-187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-artillerie-fortifications","category-fortification-bastionnee","category-vues-aeriennes","tag-citadelle-de-bitche","tag-drones","tag-fortification-allemande","tag-fortification-bastionnee","tag-fortifications","tag-ligne-maginot","tag-lorraine","tag-vues-aeriennes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=187"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":188,"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/187\/revisions\/188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=187"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=187"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.fortifications.fr\/Blog_Artillerie_fortifications\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=187"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}